August 8th 2024
Biopharmaceutical production faces the challenge of ensuring the quality of raw materials due to a lack of specific guidelines. By implementing effective risk assessment strategies and working with reliable, selected solution providers, biopharmaceutical manufacturers can minimize these challenges and improve product quality.
Formulation of Lactose for Inhaled Delivery Systems
November 1st 2002Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) contain a powder which, when required, is discharged and inhaled. The therapeutic drug is manufactured in powder form as small particles a few micrometres in diameter. In many DPIs, the drug is mixed with much larger sugar crystals, such as lactose, and the smaller drug particles attach to these excipient particles, improving entrainment of the drug upon inhalation. This article examines how the application and combination of versatile processes such as milling, micronizing, sieving and air classification can be used to manufacture dedicated lactose products for practically every possible combination of active and excipient blend in DPIs.