Ingredients

Hydrogels are biocompatible drug delivery systems by which the physical properties can be controlled by the cross-linking density. Hydrogels were prepared by copolymerization of acrylic acid monomers in the presence of poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG) to form polyethylene diacrylate (PEDGA). Various molecular weights of PEGs were used for the synthesis of PEGDA to study the effect of molecular weight of PEG on the properties of hydrogels. These hydrogels were further characterized for free water, swelling behavior, water diffusion, drug loading, and drug release profile. By analyzing the swelling behavior and release pattern of the hydrogels, the authors show that these systems can be suitably used for controlled delivery of drugs.

There have been significant advances, especially in understanding the role of carrier properties on the aerosol performance of the API.

When a dosage form or an API is introduced to the gastrointestinal tract, or dissolution media mimicking it, a transformation from a metastable to a more stable form with lower solubility and bioavailability is possible.

Midland, MI (Mar. 21)-The Dow Chemical Company formed an alliance with Colorcon, Inc. for the global marketing, sales, technical service and development, and distribution of Dow pharmaceutical excipient products for use in controlled-release applications.

Improving performance at an active pharmaceutical ingredient manufacturing plant involves an integrated approach that incorporates methods for optimizing total production management, quality control and assurance, and inventory management. The authors analyze results from a recent benchmarking study to evaluate the critical success factors in high-performing API manufacturing plants.

Rockville, MD (Mar. 1)-Sending Warning Letters to 8 manufacturers and 12 distributors, The US Food and Drug Administration ordered a stop to the manufacture and distribution of unapproved drug products containing ergotamine tartrate.

The pharmaceutical supply chain lengthens as generic drug manufacturers build production platforms offshore and CMOs position in India and China to meet demand for lower-cost production.

The low-volume pharmaceutical industry must adapt Lean Manufacturing tools invented for high-volume, single product industries.

Brussels (Feb. 13)-The European Generic Medicines Association raised concerns over what it terms ?the serious lack? of resources available to member states in the European Union (EU) to deal with the regulatory workload and bottleneck in new registrations caused by the new Decentralized Procedure (DCP) for approving drugs in Europe.

London (Feb. 22)-AstraZeneca unveiled further details of its plan to reduce staff at certain production facilities and announced a $120-million investment in a new process research and development (PR&D) facility in the United Kingdom.

Continuing an ambitious growth strategy, SAFC eyes CGMP manufacturing capacity in India for its custom-synthesis business and seeks to gain large-scale organics manufacturing capacity in China for raw-materials supply. And, its biosciences segment seeks opportunity in single-use disposable manufacturing.

As the supply-chain strategies of the pharmaceutical industry evolve, managing risks in outsourcing takes on greater importance. A recent program by the Drug, Chemical, and Associated Technologies Association examined approaches to mitigating risk and improving the pricing-and-cost model in the outsourced relationship.

InformexUSA, San Francisco (Feb. 14?16)-Several contract manufacturing organizations (CMOs) and technology providers used InformexUSA to announce plans to expand manufacturing capabilities, increase service offerings, and ramp up other investments.

InformexUSA, San Francisco (Feb. 12?Feb. 14)-Custom manufacturers of active pharmaceutical ingredients and intermediates are gathered at InformexUSA this week, with companies announcing investment plans and unveiling new technology

InformexUSA, San Francisco (Feb. 14)-The Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturers Association is launching a new sustainable chemistry initiative, the International Center for Sustainable Chemistry.

InformexUSA, San Francisco (Feb. 14)-Almac Sciences plans to collaborate for cytotoxic fill-and-finish services with the Center for Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (CPST) at the University of Kentucky.

Washington, DC (Feb. 14)?A congressional team has reintroduced the ?Access to Life-Saving Medicine Act,? which establishes a process through which the US Food and Drug Administration can approve generic copies of biologic drugs.

Washington, DC (Feb. 7)-The Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturers Association (SOCMA) submitted comments to the US Department of Homeland Security in response to proposed DHS regulations on chemical site security, asking DHS to take into consideration the unique nature of the specialty batch manufacturing sector.

New York, NY (Jan. 31)-Pfizer, Inc. scored a victory over Synthon IP in a patent infringement lawsuit over the manufacturing process for ?Norvasc? (amlodipine).

St. Louis, MO, (Feb. 8)-SAFC, the custom manufacturing and fine chemicals unit of Sigma-Aldrich Corporation, is seeking to build a footprint in Asia, eying possible acquisitions in India and China.

As custom manufacturers gather for InformexUSA this month, strategies in asymmetric synthesis and catalysis prevail.

Sixty deals were completed in 2006, with a total value of $2 billion.

The same phenomena that create lightning and thunderstorms are around us every day, producing incredibly high voltages, which cause sparks and shocks. Static electricity is a mighty force. Each year excessive electrical charge build cause explosions in the grain industry.1 Look around any flammable storage area and you will see both grounding bars on the wall and cables, from the grounding bars connected to the drums of solvents. Take any material safety data sheet (MSDS) for a powder and look in section V; it highlights that any dry powder has the potential to attract and store a charge.

Raman spectroscopy has become a commonly used technique for physicochemical analysis that possesses many advantages over other analytical techniques. It is a very attractive characterization tool, not least because it enables measurements in water. However, very few examples of its application in an aqueous environment exist in literature. This paper provides some recent applications of Raman spectroscopy in pharmaceutical material and process characterization when water is present.

Terpenes are widely used in topical preparations. This paper focuses on the skin penetration of terpenes depending on their physicochemical properties and influence of the type of dermatological vehicle that was used. The structure of human skin and the skin penetration process is also briefly described.

Pfizer's restructuring plan provides yet another example of new supply-chain strategies by the pharmaceutical majors, which involve rationalization of manufacturing facilities and cost improvement. A review of these moves, an outlook for the pharmaceutical market in 2007, and analysis of US pharmaceutical production and trade.

Rockville, MD (Jan. 12)-To prevent the spread of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and related diseases, the US Food and Drug Administration has proposed banning certain cattle tissues and tissue-products from the manufacture of drugs for human and ruminant use. Though cattle products are used in 75% of pharmaceutical processes and 90% of biotechnology processes, the Agency says that no approved or investigational drug appears to contain bovine material that would be prohibited under the rule.

In 2007, the global pharmaceutical market is expected to grow moderately while biologics, generic drugs, and specialty-initiated drugs are projected to increase at double-digit rates. These trends for finished pharmaceuticals are reflected in the global market for active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), where the merchant generic API market is expected to see strong demand. On a production basis, India and China are forecast to raise their shares of the global generic API market against industry strongholds Italy and Spain. Meanwhile, the United States is expected to hold its its position as the leading producer of biotechnology-based APIs in an area traditionally dominated by captive production. And biogenerics or biosimilars gradually reshape the market.

Water interacts with pharmaceutical solids at virtually all stages of manufacture, from synthesis of raw materials to the storage of the final dosage form. The interactions of water with powders is, therefore, a major factor in the formulation, processing and product performance of solid pharmaceutical dosage forms.

The Dow Chemical Company (Midland, MI) has agreed to acquire Wolff Walsrode, a manufacturer of cellulose products and a business unit of the Bayer Group (Leverkusen, Germany, www.bayer.com).