Aseptic/Sterile Processing

Normal industrial practice is to control foot-borne contamination with adhesive peel-off disposable mats, but polymeric contamination-control flooring is becoming increasingly popular.

Changing or upgrading cleanroom gloves requires time and due consideration. A good decision could improve employee satisfaction and product yields, but a bad decision could necessitate millions of dollars worth of rework, recalls, and rejects if the gloves don?t perform as expected. Personnel should consider various criteria to choose the best glove for their cleanroom.

The author details the factors in formulation design, requirements in facilites and equipment, and validation criteria for aseptic formualtions.

The authors discuss current and future disposable technologies and outline the validation and qualification steps that would be required for a possible disposable process stream.

The authors review the role of automation in aseptic processing and describe their experience in implementing advanced technologies, including the use of isolators and robotics.

The author discusses the key issues to consider when using isolators such as containment, protection of personnel, the efficiency of biodecontamination cycles, sterility assurance levels, barriers and their integrity, and environmental impact.

Hood, suit, faceplate, cover shoes, gloves: these are the necessary items of clothing when operating in A-and B-grade areas.

The US Food and Drug Administration issued a rule that clarifies its requirements for current good manufacturing practices for aseptic processing, water standards, and verifications standards.

This article presents a study of an aseptic environmental monitoring system for surface contamination at critical areas using a robot.

Sterile liquids are frequently transferred during the processing of sterile liquid drugs such as injectables or ophthalmic drops. Several types of transfer can be performed, each requiring a validated method to ensure the desired sterility-assurance levels are achieved.

Irradiation is an established method of sterilization for pharmaceutical products. Radiation sterilization can be achieved with gamma rays, electron beams, and X-rays. Each of these techniques has its advantages and disadvantages. The author describes these methods, the ways to find the correct sterilization doses, and the regulatory and safety concerns about irradation sterilization.

Validating the sterilization process is extremely important in pharmaceutical manufacturing. The authors explore different types of sterilization processes and discuss the importance of finding the worst-case positions of loads or equipment to be sterilized and the worst-case conditions for each sterilization cycle. Biological indicators (BIs) can be used to simulate worst-case scenarios and determine the effectiveness of a particular sterilization process.

Pre-use integrity testing of sterilizing-grade filters eliminates the potential adverse effects of filter loading on the integrity-test results, allowing unambiguous correlation with the integrity-test specification established during filter-validation studies.

A biological indicator (BI) measures the effectiveness of the sterilization process to which it is subjected. Factors such as the test organism, the packaging, the culture material, and the test system all influence a BI's resistance. Carrier material is an often-overlooked factor that also influences BI resistance. The authors examine various solid and liquid carriers, describe their properties, and investigate how they influence BI resistance.

The author clarifies the definition and objectives of overkill sterilization for steam sterilization cycles. Current sterilization practices are reviewed and the validation difficulties associated with the various definitions of overkill sterilization are explored.

Aseptic processing has advanced over the past several decades, yet the pharmaceutical industry is still accepting of its limitations, particularly as it relates to human intervention as a source of contamination. The authors explain the importance of further diminishing the role of operators in aseptic processing and the approaches and technologies needed to achieve that goal.

Interphex2007, New York, NY (Apr. 25)-As manufacturers prepare for processing more-potent compounds, they seek effective clean-in-place (CIP) and wash-in-place (WIP) design systems.

Manufacturers use various techniques to transfer sterile liquid. Some methods, however, cannot accommodate disposable equipment, and others cannot transfer through barriers. This article describes a new approach for aseptic fluid transfer that was developed to provide a high-quality aseptic connection and simplify passage through a wall. The authors discuss the product-qualification results for the approach, which show that the technology and its various components meet pharmacopeial product-qualification requirements.

Agawam, MA (Mar. 26)-Contract manufacturing and testing laboratory Microtest signed a manufacturing deal with Antisoma to produce AS1411, a new drug being developed for the treatment of various cancers.

Filling machines often are installed in sterile rooms and separated by isolators to prevent contamination. These methods have certain drawbacks, including making interventions more difficult. Restricted-access barrier systems are an alternative that ensures sterility and facilitates interventions.

Finding a CMO partner will take time and an incorrect choice that leads to changing the CMO is financially very painful.

Over the past decade, disposable technologies have become a reality in biotech processes. The use of disposables in research and manufacturing allows high flexibility.

Clean rooms are critical areas in bio/pharma facilities, and it is essential that users are responsible for their care and upkeep, and familiarize themselves with the relevant regulations.

Glasses are important when operating in a sterile environment, and it is necessary to ensure that they will stand up to repeated sterilization processes without introducing contaminants. The glasses were subjected to numerous steam sterilization cycles to assess durability and microbial reduction. Results showed that the glasses most widely available on the market have been refined by the manufacturer to satisfy pharmaceutical customer needs by withstanding repeated sterilization cycles and minimizing contaminating particle release.

In view of the nature of its complexity, it might be desirable to apply FDA's process analytical technology to lyophilization.

UK science has an outstanding record and we remain strong internationally in terms of achievement, productivity and efficiency.

Before formal cleaning validation programs were instituted, visual inspection was the primary means of determining equipment cleanliness. The use of visual inspection is still typically a component of a cleaning validation program and for routine inspections of cleaning effectiveness, but the use of visual inspection as a sole criterion for equipment cleanliness has not been successfully implemented as a valid approach for cleaning validation.

This article summarizes changes to the Akers–Agalloco aseptic processing risk analysis model (first presented in Pharmaceutical Technology's November 2005 issue) as well as some of the underlying thinking behind the revision. The simplified model makes the method easier to use because of its greater flexibility of environmental control practice. It maintains the emphasis on human activity as the primary consideration in risk management for aseptic processing.

Any aseptic processing technology that allows intervention by gowned personnel during operation cannot be considered an advanced technology. Although a standardized definition of restricted access barrier systems has been developed, these systems fall well short of being classfied as advanced technologies.

The author explores the importance of the proposals to revise Annex 1 of the EU GMPs in the context of the desire for science-based, internationally respected GMPs. Commentary also is provided about the relationship between this annex and CEN–ISO cleanroom standards.