Following Guidelines During a Crisis

Q. I am in the quality department and am responsible for investigations, and I have been working from home due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The investigation standard operating procedure (SOP) requires me to perform face-to-face interviews with people and to complete the investigation within 90 days. Working remotely to conduct the interviews is taking much longer, and I am afraid I’ll miss my deadlines. Could I eliminate the interview requirement until I am able to return to the facility?

A. I certainly understand the challenges of trying to conduct remote face-to-face interviews and the need to try and streamline processes during times of crisis, but now is not the time to take unnecessary, undocumented shortcuts with any of your procedures. My recommendation is that you step back from your frustration with the situation. Focus on the elements you need to conduct a thorough investigation and look at finding alternative means to fulfill the SOP requirements as defined in your contingency plan. If you do not have a contingency plan in place, you should immediately develop one and include appropriate risk-based information. The European Medicines Agency has a guidance on the format for a risk management plan that might help you get started on this activity (1).

To determine how you might make your operations more efficient during crisis times, I further suggest you review the FDA’s draft guidance titled, Planning for the Effects of High Absenteeism to Ensure Availability of Medically Necessary Drug Products (2). The guidance document states, “This guidance is intended to encourage manufacturers of medically necessary drug products (MNPs) and any components of those products to develop contingency production plans to use during emergencies that result in high absenteeism at production facilities” … “The guidance provides considerations for the development and implementation of a plan for production of MNPs during a crisis, including specific elements that should be included in the plan.” 

The contingency plan you develop should include information regarding the company’s prevention and risk mitigation processes. The guidance states, “These preventative measures can include steps to prepare personnel such as:

• “Educating employees on topics such as, in the case of a pandemic, personal hygiene (hand washing and coughing and sneezing etiquette), social distancing, and appropriate use of sick leave

• “Encouraging employees to get immunized as appropriate by providing information on local vaccination services or by offering on-site vaccination services, if reasonable

• “Providing information for and encouraging employees to develop family emergency preparedness plans

• “Reviewing CGMP [current good manufacturing practice] regulations regarding appropriate sanitation practices and restriction of ill or sick employees from production areas (see 21 CFR [Code of Federal Regulations] 211.28)” (2).

The guideline also recommends “that manufacturers, when evaluating activities that might be reduced in frequency, delayed, or substituted by a suitable alternative, first identify and consider activities that are intended by the CGMP regulations to provide controls not connected with the manufacturing of any specific batch. Examples include:

• “Production equipment routine maintenance

• “Utility system performance checks and maintenance (e.g., air temperature, lighting, compressed air)

• “Environmental monitoring of facilities such as cell culture, harvesting, and purification rooms during production

• “Stability testing for certain drug products and components

• “Periodic examinations of data and of reserve samples” (2).

In addition, the guideline also recommends that, “If the demand for MNPs cannot be met by the measures described above, manufacturers can consider reducing activities that are more directly connected with batch manufacturing or a product accept/reject decision provided that they have a documented rationale or risk assessment to show that the proposed changes will not unacceptably reduce assurance of product quality. Examples include:

• “Not requiring second-person verification of activities for less critical steps (though we recommend a self-check of work)

• “Reducing the number of samples for labor-intensive laboratory testing

• “Forgoing an in-process test to assure adequacy of mix, particularly when making successive batches, where the risk is judged to be low in terms of drug safety and efficacy

• “Delaying completion of deviation investigations of minor events.

• “CDER [the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research] recommends that in taking such measures, firms plan to carefully monitor indicators of product quality to note any unfavorable trends or shifts as a result of the implementation of the Plan. CDER also recommends that firms retain samples for testing at a later date in cases where testing is reduced or omitted because of lack of resources” (2).

While it is important to act quickly and efficiently during a crisis, the process and product must still be manufactured in accordance with appropriate regulatory requirements. Before you make any drastic changes to SOPs or eliminate process steps you need to read the FDA guidance document, prepare a proper risk assessment, and justify why the removal of the requirement from the SOP does not impact patient safety and product quality. The documentation you provide and the assessments you perform to address some of the extraordinary situations facing you and your colleagues in the effort to produce necessary medical drugs should give you confidence that you have acted appropriately and within the regulations to fulfill patient needs.

References

1. EMA, Guidance on the Format of the Risk Management Plan (RMP) in the EU–in Integrated Format, EMA/164014/2018 Rev.2.0.1 accompanying GVP Module V Rev.2 Human Medicines Evaluation (EMA, October 31, 2018).
2. FDA, Draft Guidance for Industry: Planning for the Effects of High Absenteeism to Ensure Availability of Medically Necessary Drug Products (CDER, March 2011).

Article Details

Pharmaceutical Technology
Volume 44, Number 6
June 2020
Pages: 62, 60

Citation

When referring to this article, please cite it as S. Schniepp, "Pharmaceutical Technology 44 (6) 2020.